UNIT 5

Childhood Depression

“Nobody likes me” is a common complaint in middle childhood, when children tend to be popularity conscious. But when these words were addressed to a school principal by an 8-year old boy in Florida whose classmate had accused him of stealing from the teacher’s purse, it was a danger signal. The boy vowed that he would never return to school and he never did. Two years later, he hanged himself by a belt from the top rail of his bunk bed.

Fortunately, depressed children rarely go to such lengths, though suicide among young people is on the increase. How can we tell the difference between a harmless period of the “blues” (which we all experience at times) and a major affective disorder that is, a disorder of mood? The basic symptoms of an affective disorder are similar from childhood, by some features are age-specific 9dsm III-r, 1987).

          Friendlessness is only one sign of childhood depression. This disorder is also characterized by inability to have fun or to concentrate, and by and absence of normal emotional reactions. Depressed children are frequently tired, extremely active, or inactive. They walk very little, cry a great deal, have trouble concentrating, sleep to much or too little, lose their appetite, start doing poorly in school, look unhappy, complain of physical ailment, feel overwhelmingly guilty, suffer severe separation anxiety (which may take the form of the school phobia), or think often about death or suicide. Any four or five of these symptoms may support a diagnosis of depression, especially when they represent a marked change from the child’s usual pattern. Parents do not always recognize “minor” problems like sleep disturbances, loss of appetite, and irritability as signs of depression, but children themselves are often able to describe how they feel.

          No one is sure of the exact cause of depression in children or adults. There is some evidence for a biochemical predisposition, which may be triggered by specific experiences. Depression school age-children are children likely to lack social and academic competence, but it is not clear whether incompetence causes depression or vice versa. The parents or depressed children are more likely to be depressed themselves, suggesting a possible genetic factor, a reflection of general stress in ill families, or the result of poor parenting practices by disturbed parents.

Glossary

Complaint           : keluhan

Address               : menunjukan

Accuse                  : menuduh

Stealing                : mencuri

Vow                       : berjanji

Features              : ciri-ciri

Suicide                  : bunuh diri

Appetite              : nafsu makan

Ailments              : penyakit

Trigger                  : menyebabkan

Vice versa           : sebaliknya

Predisposition   : kecenderungan

Translate:

Masa Depresi

"Tidak ada yang suka padaku" adalah keluhan umum di masa kecil, ketika anak-anak cenderung sadar popularitas. Tetapi ketika kata-kata ini ditujukan kepada seorang kepala sekolah oleh anak laki-laki 8 - tahun di Florida, yang mana teman sekelasnya telah menuduhnya mencuri dari tas guru merupakan sinyal bahaya. Anak itu bersumpah bahwa ia tidak akan pernah kembali ke sekolah dan dia tidak pernah melakukannya. Dua hari kemudian, ia gantung diri oleh sabuk dari tempat tidur rel tidur.

Untungnya, anak-anak jarang mengambil jalan pintas seperti itu, meskipun bunuh diri di kalangan pemuda semakin meningkat. Bagaimana kita bisa membedakan antara masa tidak berbahaya dari “masa kesedihan” (yang kita semua alami kadang-kadang) dan gangguan afektif utama adalah, gangguan suasana hati? gejala utama dari gangguan afektif masa kecil yang mirip, fitur tertentu khusus untuk 9dsm usia III-R, 1987)

Tidak memiliki teman  hanya satu tanda depresi kanak-kanak. Gangguan ini juga ditandai dengan ketidakmampuan untuk bersenang-senang atau untuk berkonsentrasi, dan dengan dan tidak adanya reaksi emosional yang normal. Anak depresi sering lelah, sangat aktif, atau tidak aktif. Mereka bergerak sangat sedikit, banyak berdukacita, memiliki kesulitan berkonsentrasi, tidur terlalu banyak atau terlalu sedikit, kehilangan nafsu makan, mulai melakukan hal buruk di sekolah, tampak tidak bahagia, mengeluhkan penyakit fisik, merasa sangat bersalah, menderita kecemasan pemisahan berat (yang mungkin mengambil bentuk fobia sekolah), atau sering berpikir tentang kematian atau bunuh diri. Ada empat atau lima dari gejala-gejala ini dapat mendukung diagnosis depresi, terutama ketika mereka mewakili perubahan signifikan dalam pola kebiasaan anak. Orang tua tidak selalu mengenali masalah "kecil" seperti gangguan tidur, kehilangan nafsu makan dan lekas marah sebagai tanda-tanda depresi, tetapi anak-anak sendiri seringkali mampu menggambarkan apa yang mereka rasakan.

Tidak ada yang yakin penyebab pasti depresi pada anak-anak atau orang dewasa. Ada beberapa bukti biokimia tren, yang mungkin dipicu oleh pengalaman tertentu. Depresi-anak usia sekolah adalah anak-anak cenderung kurang kompetensi sosial dan akademik, tetapi tidak jelas apakah ketidakmampuan untuk menyebabkan depresi atau sebaliknya. Orang tua atau anak-anak depresi lebih mungkin menjadi tertekan diri mereka sendiri, menunjukkan faktor genetik mungkin, suatu refleksi dari stres umum dalam keluarga pasien atau hasil dari orangtua miskin oleh orang tua yang telah terganggu.

Exercise 1

     1.   What happens when 5-year old children say “No body likes me”?

          Answer: will show signs of childhood depression

     2. What happens when 10-year old children say “No body likes me”?

   Answer : be quiet and feel all the crimes against them 

    3. What will the children do when they get depression?

        Answer : start doing poorly in school, feel overwhelmingly guilty, suffer severe separation anxiety (which  may take the form of the school phobia), or think often about death or suicide.

     4.  Why do the children get depression?

         Answer : when he feels nobody likes him anymore

     5.  When the children are accused by their friend, will they get depression?

         Answer : when children tend to be popularity conscious

     6. What is (are) the symptom (s) of childhood depression?

         Answer : inability to have fun or to concentrate, and by and absence of normal emotional reactions

     7.  What happens to the parents when their children get depression?

         Answer : confused and feel responsible for what happened to her child

Exercise 2

Fill in the blank with the listed appropriate words.

Accuse, address, appetite, purse, vowed, triggered, feature, severe

1.  I am not manager. I am just a staff in this office. Don’t give your complaints to move because I can’t determine its follow-up. Please triggered your complaints to the manager.

2.  I really hate someone who accuse Me without a real evidence. Don’t think that I am a thief if you don’t have a proof. Don’t say that I am a coward if you don’t know much about me.

3.  She is a careful woman. She never puts her money in her pocket. She always puts it in hers purse Besides, she also puts it in the bag.

4. He has sacrificed his life for the woman he loves very much. But the woman, unfortunately, runs away with the order man. He really hates that women, even all of the women. He vowed Never to fall in love with the women.

5. Because of my sadness, I don’t have appetite I am not interested in food in front of me although it is very delicious. I don’t want to eat it 

Exercise 3


Make sentences from the words below

1. Predisposition              : He has a predisposition to minor ailments.
2. Feature                        :The use of bright colors is one of the features of her painting.
3. Triggered                     :The attack triggered a full scale war.
4. Symptoms                   : Abdominal pain is a symptom of appendicitis.
5. Depression                  : She was treated by the doctor for depression.
6. Harmless                     : Don't be frightened of that snake, it's harm less.
7. Severe                         :Our team suffered a severe defeat.
8. Disturb                        : I'm sorry am I disturbing you?
9. Complaint                   : He's always suffering from come complaint or other.
10. Disorder                   : The strike threw the whole country into disorder.


LANGUANGE WORK

Depressed children rarely go to such lengths, thought suicide among young people is on the increase.

Rarely in this sentence is called and adverb of frequency. The others are usually, always, sometimes, never, often, seldom, occasionally, frequently, almost.


Exercise 4
Put the adverbs of frequency correctly into these sentences.

1. He (usually) smokes a cigarette after every meal.
2. Do they (ever) write to you?
3. (Sometimes) You can tell if a dog is dreaming by watching its legs .
4. I (usually) pass the post office on my way back .
5. The roof (occasionally) leaks when it rains .
6. This type of plants (never) grows tall.
7. It (hardly ever) rains in this part of the world .
8. Do you (often) answer back live this?
9. We (frequently) correspond through the post.
10. They invite us over (generally) for a cup of tea.
11. She is (usually) very busy at this time of the day.
12. Had the lesson (already) started when you arrived?
13. We have (nearly) finished our syllabus for a year .
14. Your friend (always) needs your help .
15. (sometimes) we are lazy to cook, so we eat out .
16. I (almost) tripped over the dog in the dark.

Exercise 5

Substitute a word always for the multi-word adverbial of frequency
Example : Mary drink milk all of the time.

MARY ALWAYS DRINKS MILK.

1. John drink coffee some of the time.
    John always drinks coffee.
2. He almost never drinks tea.
    He almost always drinks tea.
3. Mr. Allen drink coffee much of the time.
    Mr. Allen always drinks coffee.
4. Mrs. Allen almost never drinks coffee
    Mrs. Allen almost never drink coffee.
5. She drinks coffee most of the time.
    She always drinks coffee.
6. Mr. and Mrs. Clinton eat in restaurant some of the time.
    Mr. and Mrs. Clinton always eat in restaurant.
7. Chessie almost never eats in restaurant.
    Chessie almost never eats in an restaurant.
8. Philip eats in bamboo restaurant all of the time.
    Philip always eats in bamboo restaurant.
9. She eats at home most of the time.
    She always eats at home.
10. Mr. and Mrs. Tanty eats in restaurant much of the time.
      Mr. and Mrs. Tanty always eats in a restaurant.